On a test, we asked 'What is 'Aliyah'?

The thorough answer submitted was: a) to go up (to the bimah - reading desk) in synagogue when the Torah is being read to receive a blessing, and 

b) to go up (to Israel) - often preceeded by an 'aliyah' in synagogue to receive a blessing for a safe return'

Because the ansers were so comprehensive, I took the opportunity to add some extra learning information: It is good that you named the two types of Aliyah. However the second is not used for going (up) to visit Israel - someone may have an 'Aliyah' (call up) before any significant journey, but it doesn't matter if it is Israel or Timbuktoo!  To MAKE Aliyah is to go and LIVE in Israel (and it has an opposite (problematic to my mind - because it is so values oriented), YERIDAH, going down, leaving Israel after living there.

I spent time on kibbutz and would like to become Jewish but my husband is Christian

I am 29 years old and I was brought up in the Uniting Church but stopped believing a long time ago. My husband is an Anglican and we have a 2 year old son. I have read many books over the years on all sorts of topics including Judaism. I have previously spent many years in industry. I live in XXXX and have visited the nearby synagogue though I have not been to a synagogue on shabbat before. I have been interested in Judaism for many years and used to be a country member of the Makor Jewish library.  I can read a little hebrew and when i was 18 I stayed on a kibbutz in Israel for an adventure which had a lasting impression.

Hi Annie,

Thanks for your background information.  

Let me say from the outset though that the Introduction to Judaism course is not the same as converting.  The synagogue near you is Chabad - which means not just orthodox but very orthodox in their practice and belief. They will not recognise me as a Rabbi, or any of our converts as Jews.  The nearest regular Progressive synagogue can be located by visiting UPJ.org.au.  To convert you'd need to have established a relationship with a community who would recognise and support your journey.  You'd also need a 'Sponsoring Rabbi' (which could potentially be me as course supervisor) and learn to read hebrew, and if you were male you'd need to be circumcised.

You should also take any opportunity to go along to any synagogue, for example when you are travelling or on holiday, to widen your experiences - though it is advisable to contact them in advance during the week, and bring along a drivers licence or other proof of identity as, sadly, we all have to be very security-conscious these days.

When starting this journey, it is important to understand that, whilst our underlying belief in One unique, caring, loving, forgiving Creator, and our obligations to God and to each other as human beings, and to God's world, are common between orthodox and Progressive Judaism, in practice, expectation and belief we vary widely.  The difference goes a long way back, and stems from our understanding of Torah.  'Orthodox' belief is that God gave the Torah, word by word, and it is therefore fundamentally true and inerrant.

Progressive Jews (Reform, Liberal, Reconstructionist etc) believe that humans wrote the Torah, albeit 'divinely inspired' and trying to answer the questions 'What does God want of us? How should we act, behave, practice and raise our children?'

The last point, on raising children, is particularly pertinent in your case.  You say your husband is Anglican, but not whether he is practicing.  We have a problem in creating 'mixed families', in part because of the different traditions and expectations, and in part because of the confusion it can cause to children.  Whilst we wouldn't want to stand in the way of any individual developing their personal framework for life and relationship with God - and ultimately becoming Jewish - we would want to be confident that it was going to work for the household.   For example we may want to talk to your partner or at least have a letter to state that they are supportive of the journey to you becoming Jewish - and we'd want clarity about how the children are to be brought up - will it be as Jews, who know they have a Jewish parent and a Christian one, or as Anglicans who know they have a Jewish parent and a Christian one, or as 'both', so they can 'choose for themselves' (we don't think the latter is really likely or even possible).  

I hope that these responses are helpful and informative, and will no doubt give you food for further thought.  However, I'd like to conclude by reiterating that we believe Progressive Judaism offers a rich and wonderful framework for a modern and meaningful spiritual life, and we'll do all we can to assist if you do wish to continue on this path.

L'shalom

Rabbi Jonathan 

Tough Questions - How can you pick and choose from God's words?

Dear Rabbi,

I am still trying to clarify in my own mind why, when the Talmud homiletically interprets the more mystical texts, you seem to reject them?  I notice that the Zohar (mystical text) seem to get used on occasion in the UPJ Parshat Hashavua (Commentary on the weekly Torah portion). You quite clearly do not reject the Talmud as I have heard it quoted too many times but I am yet to fully understand how and why certain sections are accepted and rejected? How can you pick and choose?

Also, do you believe the Aleph-Beis is divinely ordained? Is seeing it as divinely ordained orientating it to the concept of Moses receiving the Torah word for word at Mt Sinai?

Thanks

Simon

Dear Simon,

To try to respond about the Bible, Talmud, Zohar and other texts - of course they all, often, have useful things to say to us, or seem to have to the writers who use them (exegesis) - and sometimes we can use them to make a point that we want to by reading into them things that they don't really seem to say (isogesis - less often acknowledged of course!).  In fact, I think that often the teachers quoted in the Mishna and Talmud use them in this latter way - knowingly.  They find a 'hook' to hang a decision on.  It is almost like saying ' this is the way it is because this is obviously the right thing, the logical understanding, the ' natural justice'.  But if you really want a 'biblical proof', we'll find you one!

So for example they soon realised that, in a rabbinical discussion, they would not all agree (nothing changes!).  How could they make a decision amongst equals - or against the leading authority?  By majority vote.  But where was their authority for doing this? Exodus 23:2 warns 'You are not to follow the majority in doing wrong'.  The Rabbis had no compunction in taking off the first and last words, being left with the 'Torah injunction': Follow the majority!  Which is really not what it said in its plain meaning.

All writers and commentators pick and choose.  But, from our clear position that the texts may be 'inspired' by God (whatever that means), or come from a human position of trying to understand what God wants of us, we can logically, honestly and comfortably reject or deny some texts, or some of the things they are claiming or saying.  

So we do not reject any complete texts (though the Zohar is dated to 13th century Spain rather than the claim it makes of itself to be from 2nd century Palestine, 1100 years earlier!).  Rather, we review the internal and external evidence, sense, context and consonance with Jewish teaching before using a quoted part of a text.

Critics say we are picking and choosing for convenience.  We say this is the process that has always been used.  We are just more frank about it.  Others say 'either it is all true, or none of it is'.  We don't agree.  You could say exactly the same about science.  Just because a long-held hypothesis is disproved or overturned (eg the earth is flat), we don't reject all of science.  That would look pretty stupid!

Does this mean none of it is from God?  We believe there is eternal truth in our texts - such as that there is one unique power of the universe, that we should not murder, that we must provide justice, love the stranger... lessons that have stood the test of time.  Equally though, there are concepts of their time and 'need', such as to destroy the Canaanites, or to stone the rebellious child to death.  Since over and over again, Torah emphasises that God is the God of all Creation - and that God is 'just, loving, caring, forgiving', then these instructions cannot be from God!

Isn't Progressive Judaism just an easy option?  Judaism Lite?  On the contrary, it takes study, consideration, dedication, discussion to start to decide for yourself what rules have the ring of eternal truth.  Until you are equipped and confident, ask guidance from someone who you respect, whose world view you share, and has done some of this work.  Well that really is an easy option!  No, it isn't.  But anyway, where does it say Judaism must be difficult?

---

I am not sure what you mean about 'Alef-Beis'  (this is ashkenazi hebrew which suggests it comes from a different direction to start with - we'd call it the alef-bet) being divinely inspired - but I'd say it is every bit as divinely inspired as the Greek, Roman or any other alphabet - and no more.  In fact I was looking at the development of Hebrew and sister scripts at the Bible Lands Museum in Jerusalem just two weeks ago.  The original 'hebrew' was proto-Canaanitic - that gave way to an early Hebrew script - and early Aramaic.  At some point the Hebrews jettisoned the early Hebrew and switched to the Aramaic, from which the very similar current Hebrew scripts were developed.

Edmond Fleg wrote a powerful poem which includes 'I am a Jew because the faith of Israel demands no abdication of my mind'. You'll find it quoted in our prayer book (page 41).  To me it is absurd to deny the evidence of philologists and archaeologists and hundreds of scholars and experts about the development of hebrew (and other languages) and simply contend, as an 'act of faith', that the writing (or, similarly, the language) we today use for prayer is 'divinely given'.

Finally, you are of course, always, welcome to come to services at Leo Baeck if you are in Melbourne, or at one of our other synagogues across the region, on your own or with interested friends etc.  Please introduce yourself to the person on duty, and ask if there might be someone who can help you with pages and a bit of guidance if possible (if you'd like).  We'd be delighted to try to assist.  And do bear in mind that you don't need a Rabbi to lead a service, and that they may be lead by lay people, but of course there are still services.  You should however be aware that sadly we do need to be careful about security, so it is a good idea to call the office in the week before the service and get details, and it is a good idea to have your passport or other proof of identity with you to avoid problems in getting admitted.  Preferred dress is fairly smart and tidy.  Women do not need hats, but men are expected to cover their heads (and women are invited to) and kippot (head coverings) will be available to borrow.

Hope it is all beginning to get a bit clearer!

L'shalom

Rabbi Jonathan

Dear Rabbi,

I contacted you at the beginning of last year with an enquiry about conversion. I live in country Victoria.  I have some Jewish heritage in previous generations but I didn't get any formal Jewish education. My family's fear of the Holocaust resulted in us being the first generation to fully assimilate.

I am still interested in conversion and have been studying The Torah and some of the many (Orthodox) books that unravel the beauty and secrets in its pages, including some books on Kabbalah. I would like to learn more as I am confused about where Progressive leaves Orthodox in regards to the 613 Commandments. I would like to do the online learning you offer, and also I would like to attend some services this year. 

I have downloaded some of the books suggested in your study program and look forward to reading them. I now realise that conversion is something I would like to strive for. Falling in love with God is indescribable.  I am sending the second free introductory assignment.

Thank you for your time

Julia

Rabbi Jonathan responds:

Dear Julia,

I do apologise for the delay in responding to your email.  This is nothing at all to do with being unwelcoming and all to do with my being overloaded, and with the number of enquiries I now receive because of our on-line presence, and the number of people in various situations, including those not dissimilar to yours.

I have received your letter and was very impressed with your work on assignment two, though there was rather more information about the mystical/kabbalah than you will get on our course.  Strangely if you find a Jewish bookshelf in a bookshelf it seems to be mainly filled with two subjects, Kabbala and Holocaust, neither of which are the main teachings or practices of Judaism.  But I appreciate that you understand that your information is mainly from orthodox (actually very orthodox) sources.

The key distinction to understand (and I think you do) is that the Jewish world is split into two religious parts – those who believe God literally gave Torah, and it is therefore ‘TRUE and inerrant’ and the rest of us, who have various ways of understanding (God may have given some of it but some is human, or it is ‘divinely inspired’ but human written, or it is ‘just the ancient story of our people’).  The first category is orthodox/ultra-orthodox and (perhaps) some modern orthodox.  The second category includes ‘Progressive’ (the umbrella term for ‘non-orthodox’, including Liberal, Reform and Reconstructionists), Conservative/Masorti and most modern orthodox (who choose to be fairly strictly observant, but recognise it is their choice and there are others – perhaps members of their own family - who choose to live their lives and Judaism differently – and are non-judgmental about them, and will even find ways to attend their homes, celebrations, funerals etc).  Some Jews who consider themselves ‘Secular’ might actually have some religious/spiritual feeling and sensitivity, but call themselves ‘secular’ because they reject the traditional ‘God as an interventionist superhuman old man on a cloud with a beard’.  This idea of God is based on ‘anthropomorphic’ (human-like) ancient biblical descriptions, translated into familiar images by artists such as Michelangelo – and ALL JEWS REJECT THEM (God is invisible – we should make no images or representations of God).  Then there are plenty  of other Jews who still feel some sort of religious affinity, but reject any superhuman God at all (atheist), and there are others who are out and out secularists (but still pleased to be part of the Jewish people and culture).  Oy!

You are not too far from Ballarat, where there is the oldest synagogue in mainland Australia, and it is a beautiful synagogue to visit.  They have annual High Holyday services and they tend to be pretty accessible.  Sadly they are also not very well attended.  But perhaps most important, you should be aware that, once a year, the Leo Baeck Centre joins with the Ballarat Community, bringing a Rabbi (me), a cantor, our prayer books, and interested congregants from Melbourne and around, and runs a lovely and uplifting service in this visually and acoustically lovely building.  It is usually just before Passover, and in 2014 it will be 10.30-12.30 on Saturday April 5^th.  Please join us – introduce yourself and I’ll look forward to meeting you there, if not before.

Many of the members of Ballarat actually now live in and around Geelong, and we run a ‘Chavurah’ (informal friendship group) every couple of months in the Geelong area.  Contact LBC office 03 9819 7160 for contact details for Vicky or Tanya who co-ordinate this group.

Given your rich Jewish heritage, it is not surprising that you already show a good feel for Judaism and Jewish community – and, if your father is still alive, your interest, learning and embracing your Jewish heritage, and sharing some of it with him, may be helpful and therapeutic to both of you.  Certainly we would be very happy to have you enroll on the PJV Introduction to Judaism course, and if you wished to proceed to recover your Judaism formally, we can certainly help with that as well.

Next steps:  Could you do the first assignment – the Jewish Year cycle – and register to receive the first unit – both available at http://pjv.org.au/education/introduction-judaism-course-online-course#overlay-context=education/introduction-judaism-course-online-course.

I hope this response is encouraging, and once again I apologise for the delay and thank you for persevering!

Since it is Friday, may I wish you ‘Shabbat Shalom’.

Rabbi Jonathan Keren-Black